Git and GitHub Fundamentals

Overview of Git/GitHub

Working without Version Control:

Working with Version Control:

Git

• Free and open source software
• Distributed VCS
• Accessible anywhere in the world
• One of the most common version control systems available
• Can also version control images, documents, etc.

Short Glossary of Terms

SSH protocol – A method for secure remote login from one computer to another.

Repository – The folders of your projects that are set up for version control.

Fork – The process you use to request that someone reviews and approves your changes before they become final.

Working directory – A directory on your file system, including its files and subdirectories, that is associated with a git repository.

Introduction to GitHub

Background of Git:

• Large software projects need a way to track and control source code updates
• Linux needs automated source-version control
• Key characteristics include:
  • Strong support for non-linear development
  • Distributed development
  • Compatibility with existing systems and protocols
  • Efficient handling of large projects
  • Cryptographic authentication of history
  • Pluggable merge strategies

Git Repository Model:

• What is special about the Git Repository model?
  • Distributed VCS
  • Tracks source code
  • Coordinates among programmers
    • Tracks changes
    • Supports non-linear workflows

• Created in 2005 by Linus Torvalds

  What is Git?

• Git is a distributed VCS
  • Tracks changes to content
  • Provides a central point for collaboration
• Git allows for centralized administration
  • Teams have controlled access scope
  • The main branch should always correspond to deployable code
• IBM Cloud is built around open-source tools including Git repositories

GitHub

• GitHub is an online hosting service for Git repositories
  • Hosted by a subsidiary of Microsoft
  • Offers free, professional, and enterprise accounts
  • Till 2022, it had over 100M repos
  • What is a Repository?
    • A data structure for storing documents including application source code
    • A repository can track and maintain version-control

GitLab

GitLab is:

• A DevOps platform, delivered as a single application
• Provides access to Git repositories

• Provides source code management

  GitLab enables developers to:

• Collaborate
• Work from a local copy
• Branch and merge code
• Streamline testing and delivery with CI/CD